References

IQ and Fluoride (Smarts)

Lu Y et al. (2000). Effect of High-Fluoride Water on Intelligence in Children. Fluoride Vol. 33 No. 2 74-78.

Varner JA et al. (1998). Chronic Administration of Aluminum-Fluoride or Sodium-Fluoride to Rats in Drinking Water: Alterations in Neuronal and Cerebrovascular Integrity. Brain Research 784 284-298.

Wang SX et al. (2007). Arsenic and fluoride exposure in drinking water: children’s IQ and growth in Shanyin County, Shanxi province, China. Environmental Health Perspectives 115(4):643-7.

Xiang Q et al. (2003). Effect of Fluoride in Drinking water on Children’s Intelligence. Fluoride Vol. 36 No. 2, 84-94.

Kidneys

Bello VA, Gitelman HJ. (1990). High fluoride exposure in hemodialysis patients. Am J Kidney Dis. Apr;15(4):320-4. School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill.

Birkner E, et al. (2006). Influence of sodium fluoride and caffeine on the kidney function and free-radical processes in that organ in adult rats. Biological Trace Element Research 109:35-48.

Bober J, et al. (2006). Fluoride aggravation of oxidative stress in patients with chronic renal failure. Fluoride 39:302-309.

Borke JL, Whitford GM. (1999). Chronic fluoride ingestion decreases 45Ca uptake by rat kidney membranes. Journal of Nutrition 129(6):1209-13.

Bouaziz H, et al. (2005). Toxic effects of fluoride by maternal ingestion on kidney function of adult mice and their suckling pups. Fluoride 38: 23-31.

Cittanova ML, et al. (1996). Fluoride ion toxicity in human kidney collecting duct cells. Anesthesiology 84(2):428-35.

Daston GP, et al. (1985). Toxicity of sodium fluoride to the postnatally developing rat kidney. Environmental Research 37(2):461-74.

Greenberg SR. (1986). Response of the renal supporting tissues to chronic fluoride exposure as revealed by a special technique. Urologia Internationalis 41(2):91-4.

Hamuro Y. (1972). Relationship between prevention of renal calcification by fluoride and fluoride-induced diuresis and reduction of urinary phosphorus excretion in magnesium-deficient KK mice. Journal of Nutrition 102: 893-900.

Harinarayan CV, Kochupillai N, Madhu SV, Gupta N, Meunier PJ. ( 2006). Fluorotoxic
metabolic bone disease: an osteo-renal syndrome caused by excess fluoride ingestion in the tropics. Bone. 2006 Oct;39(4):907-14. Epub 2006 Jun 15.

Hering F., Th. Briellmann, H. Seiler and G. Rutishauser. (1985).Fluoridation of drinking water: Effects on kidney stone formation. Urological Research Volume 13, Number 4, 175-178.

Jankauskas J. (1974). Effects of fluoride on the kidney: A review. Fluoride 7: 93-105.

Jolly SS, et al. (1980). Kidney changes and kidney stones in endemic fluorosis. Fluoride 13(1): 10-16.

Karaoz E, et al. (2004). Effect of chronic fluorosis on lipid peroxidation and histology of kidney tissues in first- and second-generation rats. Biological Trace Element Research 102:199-208

Kessabi M, et al. (1981). Comparison of sodium and stannous fluoride nephrotoxicity. Toxicology Letters 7(6):463-7. (See abstract)

Kessabi M, et al. (1985). Experimental acute sodium fluoride poisoning in sheep: Renal, hepatic, and metabolic effects. Fundamentals of Applied Toxicology 7(2): 93-105.

Kour K, Singh J. (1980). Histological findings in kidneys of mice following sodium fluoride administration. Fluoride 13: 163-167.

Lantz O, et al. (1987). Fluoride-induced chronic renal failure. American Journal of Kidney Disorders 10:136-9.

Lindemann G, et al. (1959). Recovery of the rat kidney in fluorosis. Archives of Pathology 67: 30-33.

Liu JL, et al. (2005). [The dose-effect relationship of water fluoride levels and renal damage in children] Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 34:287-8. (See abstract)

Manocha SL, et al. (1975). Cytochemical response of kidney, liver and nervous system to fluoride ions in drinking water. Histochemical Journal 7: 343-355. (See abstract)

Mazze RI, et al. (1977). Inorganic fluoride nephrotoxicity: prolonged enflurane and halothane anesthesia in volunteers. Anesthesiology 46(4):265-71. (See abstract | See excerpt)

Murao H, et al. (2000). Sodium fluoride increases intracellular calcium in rat renal epithelial cell line NRK-52E. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 23(5):581-4.

National Kidney Foundation Withdraws Fluoride Endorsement (http://iaomt.com/news/archive.asp?intReleaseID=271&month=6&y%20ear=2008)

National Kidney Foundation. Fluoride Intake in Chronic Kidney Disease, April 15, 2008. (http://www.kidney.org/atoz/pdf/Fluoride_Intake_in_CKD.pdf)

National Research Council (2003-2006): Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Scientific Review of EPA’s Standards

National Research Council. (1993). Effects of ingested fluoride on renal, gastrointestinal, and immue systems. In: Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride. Report of the Subcommittee on Health Effects of Ingested Fluoride. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. (See chapter)

Paranamanna, L. (2010). NCP Kidney disease due to fluoride content. Daily Monitor July, 07, 2010. http://print.dailymirror.lk/news/news/14948.html

Partanen S. (2002). Inhibition of human renal acid phosphatases by nephrotoxic micromolar concentrations of fluoride. Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 54(3):231-7.

Reggabi M, et al. (1984). Renal function in residents of an endemic fluorosis area in southern Algeria. Fluoride 17: 35-41.

Schiffl H. (2007). Fluoridation of drinking water and chronic kidney disease: absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. Oxford Journals Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation Volume23, Issue1 Pp. 411.

Schilling, C. (2008). Fluoride unsafe for dialysis patients? National Kidney Foundation admits chemical could pose serious health risks. World Net Daily June 03, 2008.

Shashi A, Singh JP, Thapar SP. (2002). Toxic Effects Of Fluoride On Rabbit Kidney. Fluoride Vol. 35 No. 1 38-50.

Singh PP, Barjatiya MK, Dhing S, Bhatnagar R, et al. (2001). Evidence suggesting that high intake of fluoride provokes nephrolithiasis in tribal populations. Urological Research 29(4): 238-44.

Turner CH, et al. (1996). High fluoride intakes cause osteomalacia and diminished bone strength in rats with renal deficiency. Bone 19(6):595-601.(

Usuda K, et al. (1998). Urinary biomarkers monitoring for experimental fluoride nephrotoxicity. Archives of Toxicology 72(2):104-9.

Varner JA, et al. (1998). Chronic administration of aluminum-fluoride and sodium-fluoride to rats in drinking water: Alterations in neuronal and cerebrovascular integrity. Brain Research 784: 284-298.

Xiong X, et al. (2006). Dose-effect relationship between drinking water fluoride levels and damage to liver and kidney functions in children. Environmental Research Jul 8.

Xu H, et al. (2006). Effect of sodium fluoride on the expression of bcl-2 family and osteopontin in rat renal tubular cells. Biological Trace Element Research 109:55-60.

Xue C, et al. (2000). [Study on antagonistic effects of selenium and zinc on the renal impairments induced by fluoride in rats] Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 29(1):21-3.

Precautionary Principle

Myers NJ, Raffensperger C, editors. (2006). Precautionary Tools for Reshaping
Environmental Policy. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. pg. 94.

Pets

http://www.ewg.org/pets/fluorideindogfood

Bassin, E. B., D. Wypij, et al. (2006). Age-specific fluoride exposure in drinking water and osteosarcoma (United States). Cancer Causes Control 17: 421-428. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=16596294&query_hl=1&itool=pubmed_docsum

Tea

Cao J, Bai X, Zhao Y, Liu J, Zhou D, Fang S, Jia M, Wu J. (1996). The relationship of fluorosis and brick tea drinking in Chinese Tibetans. Environ Health Perspect 104(12):1340-3.

Chan JT, Koh SH. (1996). Fluoride content in caffeinated, decaffeinated and herbal teas. Caries Research.1996;30(1):88-92. http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.com/content/82/6/719.full.pdf

Diouf A, Sy FO, Niane B, Ba D, Ciss M. (1994) Dietary intake of fluorine through of tea prepared by the traditional method in Senegal. Dakar Med 39(2):227-30

Gulati P, Singh V, Gupta MK, Vaidya V, Dass S, Prakash S. (1993) Studies on the leaching of fluoride in tea infusions. Sci Total Environ.138(1-3):213-21.

Ho MW. (2007). Fluoride in Tea. ISIS Press Release.

http://www.i-sis.org.uk/Fluoride_in_Tea.php

Jenkins GN. (1991) Fluoride intake and its safety among heavy tea drinkers in a British fluoridated city. Proc Finn Dent Soc 87(4):571-9.

Kalayci S, Somer G. (2003). Factors Affecting the Extraction of Fluoride from Tea: Application to Three Tea Samples. Fluoride Vol. 36 No. 4 267-270.

Malinowska E, Inkielewicz I, Czarnowski W, Szefer P. (2008). Assessment of fluoride concentration and intake by human from tea and herbal infusions. Food Chem Toxicol. Mar;46(3):1055-61. Dept of food Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.

Ruan J et al. (2003). The Impact of pH and Calcium on the Uptake of Fluoride by Tea Plants (Camellia sinensis L.). Annals of Botany Vol. 93, Issue 1 pp97-105.

Sergio Gomez S, Weber A, Torres C. (1989) Fluoride content of tea and amount ingested by children. Odontol Chil 37(2):251-5.

Szpir M. (2005). Food Safety: A Tea-Time Mystery. Environmental Health Perspectives 113:A518-A518.

Torres M. (2010). Did You Know Green Tea Contains Dangerous Levels of Toxic Sodium Fluoride? http://preventdisease.com/news/10/080610_green_tea_fluoride.shtml

USDA National Fluoride Database: http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/12354500/Data/Fluoride/F02.pdf

USDA: The Fluoride Content of Brewed and Microwave Brewed Black Teas. http://www.fluoridealert.org/usda-2005.tea.pdf

Warren DP et al. (1996). Comparison of fluoride content in caffeinated, decaffeinated and instant coffee. Fluoride Vol. 29 No. 3 147-150.

Thyroid

Grimbergen GW. (1974).A Double Blind Test for Determination of Intolerance to Fluoridated Water (Preliminary Report). Fluoride 7:146-152.

Galetti PM, Joyet G. (1958). Effect of Fluorine On Thyroidal Iodine Metabolism in Hyperthyroidism. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology 18:1102-1110.

Toothpaste

Bentley EM et al. (1999) Oral hygiene: Fluoride ingestion from toothpaste by young children. British Dental Journal 186, 460 – 462 Published online: 8 May 1999 |

http://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/other.htm. “Other Fluoride Products”.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toothpaste#Fluorides

Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2002 Mar;11(1):13-5. “Effects of different quantity of fluoride toothpaste on fluoride intake by preschool children”;Zhou J, Feng XP, Liu YL. Department of Preventive Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Shanghai Second Medical University.

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